Silver vaults in China continue to be drained reaching 744.84 Tons now Below 24m Ounces. Shanghai Stocks Down 37.4%YTD
The Rate of Gold imports has inverse relationship with BRICS ++countries aggressively offloading US Treasuries. A strategic move to dethrone US dollar as Global reserve currency. Collapse by 2025.
China paying +$4.71 oz premiums
Western market riggers (naked shorts, BofA, JP Morgan Chase, Silver Institute) have forever lost control of rigging the Silver Market.
Not just China, India Q1 2024 more Silver imports that entire 2023
India will continue to import also via UAE and Dubai for tax savings.
India imports coded for jewelry are mostly Silver Zinc batteries manufactured by Rajesh
India continues to supply weapons for Russia and the transaction is paid for outside US dollar
China and India silver and gold jewelry stores selling out
Silver is on the Brink of Extinction and projected to run out before 2027
7 Key takeaways and The Collapse of The US Dollar by 2025
China now settles more than half of its international trade in RMB, up from zero in 2010. At current CAGR, China will settle >80% in RMB by 2030.
The world will not need USD for trade.
The world will still need USD for debt servicing, FX trade, derivatives margin, and other financialisation excesses.
Because China (and the rest of BRICS+, and those wanting to join) are selling dollars. The East no longer wants to export their precious commodities to the West and take dollar credit as a form of payment.
If the U.S. can’t export dollar credit then treasury bonds collapse.
What funds the stock market? U.S. Treasury bonds.
Gold is rising because the world (China) is selling dollars.
The Official Stats of Gold imports are not the real numbers. Nations like China, India and Russia have volumes more Gold than they report
Central banks have been aggressively accumulating gold reserves in recent years, with China, Turkey, Russia, India, and Qatar leading the charge in 2023 and 2024. This trend is driven by several factors, including a desire to diversify away from the U.S. dollar, hedge against inflation and economic uncertainty, and potentially use gold as a settlement asset for international trade.
China has been the largest buyer of gold, adding 225 tons to its reserves in 2023, the highest increase since 1977, bringing its total holdings to 2,235 tons by the end of 2023. China's gold buying strategy aligns with its goal to diversify its assets alongside other BRICS countries, aiming to lessen dependence on the U.S. dollar and dedollarize their economies.
Turkey has consistently been a major gold buyer, adding 39 tons in January 2024 alone. Turkey's central bank has been actively increasing its gold reserves to reduce exposure to the U.S. dollar and strengthen its financial position.
Russia has also been a significant buyer of gold in recent years, although exact figures are not available due to sanctions and data limitations. Russia's central bank has been vocal about its desire to reduce reliance on the U.S. dollar and has been actively acquiring gold as part of this strategy.
India has been steadily increasing its gold reserves, adding 51 tons in 2023 and continuing to buy in 2024. India's central bank views gold as a strategic asset and a hedge against economic uncertainties.
Qatar has been a notable buyer of gold in recent years, adding 15 tons to its reserves in 2023. Qatar's central bank has been diversifying its reserves and increasing its gold holdings as part of this strategy.
While the motivations for central banks' gold buying vary, there is a growing consensus that gold can serve as a settlement asset for international trade, particularly in the face of economic sanctions and the potential fragmentation of the global financial system. Sergei Glazyev, a Russian economist, and Zoltan Pozsar, a strategist at Credit Suisse, have both proposed using gold as a settlement asset for trade, particularly in the energy sector. This could potentially reduce reliance on the U.S. dollar and provide an alternative for countries seeking to bypass economic sanctions or reduce exposure to the global financial system dominated by the U.S. and its allies.
However, it is important to note that the use of gold as a settlement asset for international trade is still in the early stages of discussion and implementation, and there are significant logistical and practical challenges to overcome.
Nevertheless, the continued accumulation of gold by central banks, particularly those seeking to reduce their dependence on the U.S. dollar, suggests that gold may play an increasingly important role in the global financial system in the coming years.
“Silver and Copper are the new oil” and prices could soar 50% as AI, green energy, and military spending boost demand
Here is a table showing the relationship between gigawatts, terawatts, and the amount of silver required:
Notes
1 Terawatt (TW) = 1,000 Gigawatts (GW)
The amount of silver required for 1 GW of solar energy is 500,000 ounces
Therefore, for 1 TW of solar energy, the amount of silver required is 500,000 ounces multiplied by 1,000, which equals 500,000,000 ounces
The table clearly shows that while 1 GW of solar energy requires 500,000 ounces of silver, the amount of silver required for 1 TW (1,000 GW) is a staggering 500,000,000 ounces, highlighting the significant demand for silver in large-scale solar energy production.
Solar Silver use (while impressive, approaching ONE ENTIRE OF SILVER MINING) is the #3 user of silver.
Military and Aerospace are the 1 and 2 niches that use the most silver. The Silver Institute in their flawed World Silver Survey (which is under attack by dozens of analysts) has never once acknowledged silver’s use in torpedoes, bombs, shells, rockets, satellites, silver plating for aircraft (commercial and military) and dozens of other silver draining demand categories.
Silver Zinc Batteries use more silver than Solar (per use case)
Silver zinc batteries manufactured by EaglePicher, India’s Rajesh and SAFT offer several advantages that make them well-suited for applications requiring high thermal performance, conductivity, fast charge rates, and resistance to corrosion and humidity:
Lightweight: Silver zinc cells weigh just one-third to one-fifth of nickel-cadmium and lead-acid cells, yet provide comparable energy output. This makes them ideal for weight-sensitive applications like aerospace and defense.
Compact: Silver zinc cells require one-half to one-fourth the space of other widely used rechargeable cells. Their high energy density allows for smaller, more compact battery packs.
Powerful: Silver zinc batteries can be discharged at tremendously high rates, making them suitable for missile, space launch, and torpedo applications that require high power bursts.
Stable Voltage: They provide a stable operating voltage until nearly all the capacity is withdrawn, ensuring consistent performance throughout discharge.
Safe: EaglePicher states that their silver zinc cells have never caused or contributed to any serious accident, highlighting their robust and reliable design.
Rugged: Silver zinc batteries are widely used in demanding environments associated with missile and space launch vehicle applications, demonstrating their ability to withstand harsh conditions.
Rechargeable: Under ideal operating conditions, silver zinc cells can provide hundreds of charge/discharge cycles, enabling reusable battery systems.
High Charge Rates: The high-rate secondary silver zinc batteries from EaglePicher can expend their energy in as little as 15 minutes, indicating their ability to accept extremely high charge rates.
Corrosion Resistant: The silver and zinc electrodes are inherently resistant to corrosion, allowing operation in humid or moist environments
The physical properties of silver and zinc, combined with EaglePicher's and SAFT's expertise in battery design and manufacturing, result in silver zinc batteries that excel in thermal management, conductivity, charge acceptance, and resistance to harsh operating conditions
Thermal Conductivity
Silver has an extremely high thermal conductivity of around 419 W/m·K, one of the highest among metals. This allows efficient heat transfer away from battery components.
The thermal conductivity of a graphite-based lithium-ion battery anode coated on copper was measured to be 42.64 W/m·K. While lower than pure copper, this is still reasonably high for effective heat dissipation.
Silver zinc batteries from manufacturers like EaglePicher are designed for high power applications like missiles and spacecraft, indicating their ability to handle significant heat generation during discharge.
Thermal Diffusivity
Thermal diffusivity, which measures how rapidly heat diffuses through a material, provides insights into balancing thermal and electrical performance of battery electrodes.
Measuring thermal diffusivity of anode materials via techniques like laser flash analysis allows calculating their thermal conductivity when combined with heat capacity data.
Thermal Management
Understanding thermal properties like conductivity and diffusivity of battery components is crucial for developing accurate thermal models and designing effective battery thermal management systems (BTMS).
A well-designed BTMS can extend battery life, enable cold weather operation, and prevent thermal runaway by effectively dissipating heat generated during charge/discharge cycles.
Silver zinc batteries' high power density, stable voltage output, and corrosion resistance contribute to their thermal resilience in demanding aerospace and defense applications.
The high thermal conductivity of silver, combined with the reasonable conductivity of graphitic anodes and specialized designs from manufacturers, allow silver zinc batteries to effectively manage heat and maintain performance in thermally-intensive operations.
https://www.eaglepicher.com/technology/battery-chemistries/silver-zinc-batteries/
https://www.eaglepicher.com/markets/defense/missiles-and-munitions/
https://www.eaglepicher.com/products/secondary-batteries-rechargeable/
https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/nmp-2022-06-exemption-eagle-picher-tech-mc-nmp-specialty-battery-eagle-picher-6/2ac06697bcea24b5/full.pdf
https://www.eaglepicher.com/about-us/faqs/
https://www.tainstruments.com/applications-notes/thermal-diffusivity-and-thermal-conductivity-of-battery-anode-material/
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.08718.pdf
https://www.eaglepicher.com/technology/battery-chemistries/silver-zinc-batteries/
https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=9282
https://thermtest.com/thermal-resources/top-10-resources/top-10-thermally-conductive-materials